*Nature vs. nurture?
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| Nature vs. Nurture |
* How do counselor and patient interact? What is the nature of that relationship?
*Are humans innately good or evil?
* How do humans make meaning?
* Do humans have free will?
* To what degree does a person’s childhood affect their lives as an adult?
*Does the bigger picture/ meaning of life matter?
*What role do techniques play? And from where do you obtain them?
*What is the relationship of affect and cognition?
*To what extent does the theory need to be supported by research? (ie. EST, EBT)
*What role does culture play in human development outcomes?
*What is the primary cause of suffering?
* Who decides the direction of therapy?
*What is the focus of therapy? Cognition? Behavior? Affect?
* Modern vs. post-modern?
* Focus on client’s problems or client’s strengths?
* What are the boundaries of the client/therapist relationship? Limits? Length of therapy?
*What is the purpose of counseling? (ie. To make the person independent?)
*Is the focus on the present? Or on awareness of the past?
(research suggests that awareness is not enough to support change…)
*What is the role of client’s self awareness?
(Your theory informs if awareness of how you construct meaning from your childhood is actually important.)
*Emerging self?
*What is your view of personality? What is personality? Is it fixed or chaning?
*Does the therapist tell the client what she thinks/interprets, or do you build scaffolding?
(Ideas about scaffolding vs. telling)
· What articles or readings have resonated with you as “the truth”?
*Free will/determinism: to what extent do people direct their own actions? Or are governed by other forces?
*rational/irrational: do people think through their actions or do they react to external stimuli?
*Past/present: to what extent are people fixed by early events in their lives and/or affected by experiences later in life? What is the relationship between the two? What is the importance of the past, present and future in governing behaviors?
*equilibrium/growth: to what extent are people motivated simply to maintain a psychological balance or state of equilibrium or does the urge to grow and develop shape people’s behavior?
*motivation: what are people motivated by?
*How do people learn/unlearn?
*Are there critical periods in personality development when people are especially adept at learning things that may be difficult? Or even impossible later?
* How are sex/gender, race/ethnicity, class, ability, status incorporated into the theory?
* Are historical, political and economic factors reflected upon/important?
* Are theoretical changes required as the theory is applied to individual, groups and family?
*What is health? What constitutes a life well lived?
*What skills and competencies are needed to be an effective counselor?
* What outcomes can be expected from therapy?
*What are the responsibilities of the client in the counseling process? What is expected of the client? What may the client expect of the counselor?
*Who should establish the goals in counseling?
*What internal and external blocks resist change?
*How does the counselor deal with those blocks?
*What constitutes a problem? Why do people go to counseling?
*What are some of the difficulties and problems (for client and counselor) in counseling?
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